Brain

-

Brain Of  Human


This article is concerning options specific to the human brain. For basic info concerning brains, see Brain.

Human brain

  • Skull and brain traditional human.svg
  • Human brain and os
  • Cerebral lobes.png
  • Cerebral lobes: the lobe (pink), lobe (green) and lobe (blue)
  • Details
  • Latin    neural structure
  • System     Central systema nervosum
  • Artery
  •     Internal arterial blood vessel arteries, bone arteries
  • Vein
  •     Internal vena, cerebral veins, external veins, basal vein, terminal vein, vein, neural structure veins
  • Precursor
  •     Neural tube

Identifiers

TA     A14.1.03.001
FMA     FMA:50801
Anatomical word

The human brain has an equivalent general structure because the brains of different mammals, however encompasses a a lot of developed cerebral mantle than the other. giant animals like whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, however once measured victimization the encephalization quotient, that compensates for body size, the human brain is sort of doubly as giant because the brain of the bottlenose, and 3 times as giant because the brain of a pongid. a lot of of the enlargement comes from the cerebral mantle, particularly the frontal lobes, that ar related to govt functions like self-control, planning, reasoning, and mentation. The portion of the cerebral mantle dedicated to vision, the cortical region, is additionally greatly enlarged in humans.

The human cerebral mantle could be a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is pleated during a approach that will increase the quantity of surface which will match into the quantity offered. The pattern of folds is comparable across people, though there ar several little variations. The cortex is split into four "lobes", known as the lobe, lobe, lobe, and lobe. (Some classification systems conjointly embody a body structure lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) at intervals every lobe ar various animal tissue areas, every related to a selected operate, together with vision, control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex ar broadly speaking similar in form, and most animal tissue aras are replicated on each side. Some areas, though, show sturdy localisation principle, notably aras that are concerned in language. In the majority, the hemisphere is "dominant" for language, with the correct hemisphere enjoying solely a role. There ar different functions, like spatiotemporal reasoning, that the correct hemisphere is typically dominant.

Despite being protected by the thick bones of the os, suspended in bodily fluid, and isolated from the blood by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is at risk of harm and sickness. the foremost common varieties of physical harm ar closed head injuries like a blow to the top, a stroke, or poisoning by a range of chemicals which will act as neurotoxins. Infection of the brain, tho' serious, is rare attributable to the biological barriers that defend it. The human brain is additionally at risk of chronic disorders, like degenerative disorder, MS, and Alzheimers. variety of psychiatrical conditions, like dementia praecox and depression, ar thought to be related to brain dysfunctions, though the character of such brain anomalies isn't well understood.

Scientifically, the techniques that ar wont to study the human brain disagree in vital ways that from people who ar wont to study the brains of different mammals. On the one hand, invasive techniques like inserting electrodes into the brain, or disabling components of the brain so as to look at the impact on behavior, ar used with non-human species, except for moral reasons, ar usually not performed with humans. On the opposite hand, humans ar the sole subjects WHO will reply to advanced verbal directions. Thus, it's usually potential to use non-invasive techniques like purposeful neuroimaging or encephalogram recording a lot of profitably with humans than with non-humans. moreover, a number of the foremost vital topics, like language, will hardly be studied in the least except in humans. In several cases, human and non-human studies type essential enhances to every different. Individual brain cells (except wherever tissue samples ar taken for diagnostic assay for suspected brain tumors) will solely be studied in non-humans; advanced psychological feature tasks will solely be studied in humans. Combining the 2 sources of knowledge to yield a whole purposeful understanding of the human brain is associate in progress challenge for neurobiology.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

What Is Atomic And Molecular Orbitals

-
Image
A more detailed model of covalent bonding requires a consideration of valence shell atomic orbitals. For second period elements such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, these orbitals have been designated 2 s , 2p x , 2p y   & 2p z . The spatial distribution of electrons occupying each of these orbitals is shown in the diagram below.   Very nice displays of orbitals may be found at the following sites: J. Gutow, Univ. Wisconsin Oshkosh R. Spinney, Ohio State  M. Winter, Sheffield University The valence shell electron configuration of carbon is 2 s 2 , 2p x 1 , 2p y 1  & 2p z 0 . If this were the configuration used in covalent bonding, carbon would only be able to form two bonds. In this case, the valence shell would have six electrons- two shy of an octet. However, the tetrahedral structures of methane and carbon tetrachloride demonstrate that carbon can form four equivalent bonds, leading to the desired octet. In order to explain this covalent bonding, Linus Pauling prop
Read more

What Is Melting Points

-
Image
Most organic compounds have melting points below 200 ºC. Some decompose before melting, a few sublime, but a majority undergo repeated melting and crystallization without any change in molecular structure. When a pure crystalline compound is heated, or a liquid cooled, the change in sample temperature with time is roughly uniform. However, if the solid melts, or the liquid freezes, a discontinuity occurs and the temperature of the sample remains constant until the phase change is complete. This behavior is shown in the diagram on the right, with the green segment representing the solid phase, light blue the liquid, and red the temperature invariant liquid/solid equilibrium. For a given compound, this temperature represents its melting point (or freezing point), and is a reproducible constant as long as the external pressure does not change. The length of the horizontal portion depends on the size of the sample, since a quantity of heat proportional to the heat of fusion must be
Read more

Uses OF Alkynes In Nature And Medicine

-
Alkynes in nature and medicine According to Ferdinand Bohlmann, the first naturally occurring acetylenic compound, dehydromatricaria ester, was isolated from an Artemisia  species in 1826 . Polyynes, a subset of this class of natural products, have been isolated from a wide variety of plant species, cultures of higher fungi, bacteria, marine sponges, and corals.  Some acids like  tariric acid  contains an alkyne group. Diynes and triynes, species with the linkage RC ≡ C-C ≡ CR' and RC ≡ C-C ≡ C-C ≡ CR' respectively, occur in certain plants ( Ichthyothere , Chrysanthemum ,  Cicuta ,  Oenanthe  and other members of the  Asteraceae  and  Apiaceae  families).  Some examples are  cicutoxin , oenanthotoxin ,  falcarinol  and  carotatoxin . These compounds are highly bioactive, e.g. as  nematocides .  1-Phenylhepta-1,3,5-triyne is illustrative of a naturally occurring triyne. Alkynes occur in some pharmaceuticals, including the contraceptive  norethynodrel .  A car
Read more