BredNest

7 W ONDERS O F T HE M ODERN W ORLD New Seven Wonders of the world were announced on July 7, 2007 following a global poll to decide a new list of human-made marvels. 1.   Great Wall of China: It is the Worlds longest human-made structure and run about 4000 miles (6400) east to west. Parts of fortification date from the 4 th century. In 214 BC Shi Huangdi Connected existing defensive walls into a single system fortified by watch towers. The basic wall is about 30 ft (9m) high, and the towers rise to about 40 ft (12m). 2.   Christ The Redeemer Statue: It is 105-foot (38 m) tall statue in Rio de janerio, Brazil. 3.   The Colosseum, Rome, Italy: It once held up to 50,000 spectator who came to watch gory games involving gladiators, wild animals and prisoners. It construction began around 70 AD under Emperor Vespasian. Modern sport stadium still resemble the colosseums famous design. 4.   Petra, Jordon: Perched on the edge of the Arabian Desert, it was capital of Nabataea

7 W ONDERS OF A NCIENT W ORLD The 7 wonders of world is the name given to a group of well-known works of art and engineering that were popular amongst the ancients. Pyramids of Giza: A group of three pyramids situated southwest of Cairo (Egypt). The great pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the only one of the original 7 wonders that still exists. It was built in 2690 BC by Cheops, the second pharoah of 4 th Dynasty. The original height of the pyramid was 481 feet, but now it is 450 feet. Hanging Gardens of Babylon:  The Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Iraq) were built by King Nebuchadnezzar 2 about 600 BC in memory of his beloved queen Amyitis. The gardens were laid in five storeys vaulted structure, raising from 75 to 300 feet, with provision for raising water. No traces of hanging gardens have been left now. Statue of Zeus:  It was carved out by Greek sculptor Pheidias, at Olympia in 432 BC. It was 43 feet (13 m) high statue, covered with the sheet of gold and ivory. The eyes

Punjab Public Library, Lahore Biggest Public library in Pakistan, established in 1884. It has 500,000 books and more than manuscripts. A Quranic section has been added in the upper storey of library which houses old and rare copies of Holy Quran, translated in many languages of the world.

Harvard University Library (HUL) It was founded in 1638. It has stock nearly 17 million volumes.

British Library  It was established on July 1, 1973. Its collection include more than 150 million items – 14 million books, 920,000 Journals and newspapers.

German National Library  It was established in 1912 in Frankfurt. It holds a total of around 26.1 million units.

National Library of Canada  It was established in 1953 in Ottawa. It has collection of 18.8 million. In 2004 it joined with National Archives of Canada to become library and Archives of Canada.

Russian Academy of Science Library  It was established in 1714 in Saint Petersburg. It has collection of 20.5 million items of national and foreign publications, manuscript, cards, microfilms and other documents.

National Library of China It was established in 1909. It has a collection of 24.1 million volumes. In the collection there are 270,000 volumes of rare books, 1,600,000 volumes of general ancient books, 35,000 pieces of the scripted turtle shell and bones.

Library of Congress  It was established in 1800. The collection of more than 144 million item include more than 30 million cataloged books and other print material in 460 languages; more than 63 million manuscript; and the worlds largest collection of legal materials, films, maps, sheet music and sound recordings.

P ULITZER P RIZES These are highly coveted awards given in United States each year for distinguished achievement in Journalism, Literature, Drama, Cartoons and Music. The prizes were established by Joseph Pulitzer, a newspaper publisher. They are administered through Columbia University in New York City.

M AGSAYSAY A WARD It was created in 1957 in honour of Roman Magsaysay, the late president of Philippines. It embraces East, Southeast and South Asia any person living in Asia without regard to race, gender, or religion. The award is given in six categories annually. 1.        Public service 2.        Government Service 3.        Community Leadership 4.        Journalism 5.        Peace and International Understanding 6.        Emergent Leadership

N obel P rize Alfred Nobel of sweden discovered dynamite and blasting cap. He was labelled as the MERCHANT OF DEATH for inventing explosive in the war. His last will specified that his fortune be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the Greatest Benifit on Man Kind in Physics, Chemistry. Nobel foundation was founded in 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel prizes. According to his last will, he desired the prizes to be awarded to those during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. Every year since 1901 prizes has been awarded for achievements in Physics Chemistry Physiology or medicine Literature and peace  Nobel of the memorial prize economic sciences was established by the National Bank Of Sweden in 1918. Each of the prizes can be divided between not more than three contestants. The prizes are announced on the birthday of Alfred Nobel and are officially Presented on December 10 every year on

K ING F AISAL I NTERNATIONAL P RIZE King Faisal international prizes were created in 1979 by king Faisal Foundation for rending excellent services in the fields of Islam, Islamic Studies and Arabic Literature. It added prizes of medicine and science in 1982 and 1983, respectively. Science awards rotate between the fields of ·          Biology ·          Physics ·          Mathematics ·          Chemistry A certificate written in Arabic calligraphy, describing the work for which the winner is awarded the prize, a commemorative 200-gram gold medallion and a cash endowment of SR 750,000 (US $ 200,000). Co-winners in any category share the monetary grant.

J AWAHARLAL N EHRU A WARD F OR I NTERNATIONAL U NDERSTANDING ( I NDIA) It is awarded each year for outstanding contribution to the promotions of international understanding, goodwill and friendship among people of the world. It has been instituted in memory of Pandit Jawahralal Nehru, the first prime minister of India in 1965. The award is being administered by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.

A GA K HAN A WARD F OR A RCHITECTURE It was established in 1977, strives to enhance the perception of Islamic culture as expressed through the architectural excellence, encompassing concerns as varied as contemporary design, social housing community improvement and development, restoration, re-use and area conservation and landscaping and environmental issues. Through its efforts, the award seeks to identify and encourage building concepts that successfully address the needs and aspiration of Muslims societies. The award is organized on the basis of a rotating calendar spanning cyclical periods of three years each, and is governed by a steering committee chaired by His Highness Aga Khan. The current prize fund totals ( US $ 50,000 ) the largest architectural prize in the world – is presented to projects selected by an independent master jury. To date, the master juries have selected 105 projects to receive the award for architecture.