Origin Of Coffee
The True Story
One of the world's
most loved beverages, coffee is a way of life. It has managed to dispel all
doubts about the darker shades of its character, and today, the darker the
shade, the more we love it...that's COFFEE.
Legend has it that
around the eight century AD, an Ethiopian goatherd, Kaldi, discovered coffee,
when his frolicking goats tried the taste of a deep red berry growing on the
hillside. The animals became friskier and Kaldiwas tempted too, soon, he joined
them.
The monks of the area
tasted these bitter berries and that night they prayed with greater fervor than
before! Soon the fame of the flavor spread and Africans of those times actually
made bars out of this bean and animal fat balls.
There was also wine
made out of this berry that was very popular. But it was not until the tenth
century that the coffee berry found its way out of the African continent. It
moved out through the route of Arabia where it was again zealously guarded for
many centuries before the white man could get at it.
By 1000 AD, roasted
beans were first brewed in Arabia, probably brought across the Red sea by
wayfarers, and in less than three hundred years, coffee became an integral part
of the Arabian culture. Over the course of time, wherever Islam traveled,
coffee went too, and thus reached places like North Africa, South East Asia,
India and the Eastern Mediterranean. By 1600 AD, it had conquered most of the
palates of the Eastern world. The secret of this brew, however, remained a
well-guarded secret, and in Arabian countries, the bean was actually made
infertile by parching or boiling, so it could not be exported, thus preventing
its spread to alien cultures and other countries.
It took Indian guile
to smuggle the bean out of Arabia. Baba Budan, an Indian pilgrim smuggled some
fertile beans in his waistband when he returned from Mecca around 1615, and the
plant reached Asia. From here, there was no stopping the spread of the coffee
plantations in the whole world. Baba's seeds bore fruit that was to colonize
the globe!!!
By the middle of the
sixteenth century, the Dutch were the first to grow a coffee plant in European
soil, in 1616 to be precise. Eighty years later, they founded the first
European owned Coffee estate, albeit back in Asia, on the island of Java, which
is now a part of Indonesia. This was the year 1696. This made the Dutch the
first coffee businessmen, but it would be a while before the rest of Europe
could catch on.
In 1714, Louis XIV
received a coffee plant for the royal Botanical Garden in Paris, the Jardin des
Plantes. It was kept under royal security. Several years later, a young naval
officer, Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, who was in Paris on leave from Martinique,
requested for a clipping of the plant but was denied permission. He had,
however, made up his mind, so he stole into the garden by moonlight and took
his object of desire, anyhow. He had to protect this plant with his life on his
voyage back to Martinique, water it with precious rations, protect it from
pirates and stormy seas, but he did it. The plant arrived safely in Martinique,
and was planted there. It flowered, and bore good fruit in the fertile soil.
Over the next 50 years, the plant spawned about 18 million trees; coffee had
arrived in Latin America, at least in French Guinea.
In 1727, the idea of
coffee as a rich cash crop tempted the King of Brazil. He wanted a share in the
profits, but that meant someone would have to smuggle the seed into Brazil. Lt.
Col. Francisco de Melo Palheta was the man identified for the job. He took off
for French Guyana and was confronted with armed guard over fortress like
plantations. He chose the less painful method, the way he took him through the
Governor's wife's heart. His plan bore fruit...and seedlings. At a state
banquet she presented him with a bouquet made of coffee seedlings...a job well
done.
This sly token of
affection fathered the world's greatest coffee empire, and Brazil soon topped
the list of coffee consumers, it had become the brew of the common man.
Scientifically
speaking, the word 'coffee" is derived from the Latin form of the genus Coffea,
a member of the Rubiaceae family which includes more than 500 genera and 6,000
species of tropical trees and shrubs. Today, 70% of the world's coffee is
produced from the plant Arabica, which is the strain cultivated in Brazil,
hence it is also called Brazils. The other popular strain is Coffea canephora,
which provides the robusta beans, usually grown in West and Central Africa,
South East Asia and some parts of South America including Brazil.
In general, arabica
beans tend to have less caffeine but milder flavor than robusta beans.
In its natural form,
Caffeine is present in the leaves, seeds or fruits of more than sixty plant
species worldwide. In addition, it is sometimes used as an additive to enhance
flavor or, in the case of medications, to enhance effectiveness.
Coffee has been known
to have various kinds of effects on human system. While there have been
infinite number of researches on these effects, the latest evidences show that
coffee or caffeine does not constitute a risk factor in cardiovascular diseases
or even strokes, even for people who drink up to 4 cups a day.
As far as other parts
of our system are concerned, studies have revealed that consuming up to 3 cups
of caffeinated coffee in a day actually reduced the risk of gallstones by at
least 40%. For those who drank 4 cups, the risk fell by 45%. Since gallstones
are primarily made of cholesterol, the cut down may be explained by the fact
that caffeine prevents cholesterol from crystallizing. In addition, consumption
of coffee strongly helps to field off cirrhosis of liver, which happens to be
the ninth leading cause of death in the US. Drinking 3-4 cups of coffee a day
cuts down this risk by almost 80%.
Coffee has also shown
a protective effect against colon cancer, by as much as 24%. The reason, say
experts, could be the enhanced colic activity triggered by coffee, and
anti-mutagenic components that are present in coffee inhibit the formation and
growth of carcinoma. Colorectal cancer being the second largest cause of death
in USA and Canada, this seems to be a great bit of information.
More mundane
discomforts like heartburn and acidity also do not seem to find aggravation in
coffee. Even for individuals with aesophagal reflux, consumption of this
beverage did make a significant difference. Another condition that coffee can
help control is asthma. The chemical theophylline is capable of reducing the
incidence of asthma by almost 25%.
Apart from adding
life to the years, it can also add years to your life. It has been observed
that a serving of coffee contains up to four times as much anti-oxidant
activity as a serving of green tea, has a large amount of anti-oxidant
"polyphenols" in its roasted form. No additives such as creamers or
milk can diminish this property. The effect of this chemical is that scientists
today believe it may be possible to prevent, postpone or limit a number of
degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, and
diseases of the nervous system (simply by prescribing a regular intake of
coffee...What a great idea).
Coffee is an
excellent anti-depressant and an effective performance enhancer, improving
one's memory and energy levels for both mental and physical activities.
Coffee, both
caffeinated and decaffeinated, has been known to help prevent the formation of
kidney stones, by increasing the flow of urine and decreasing its
concentration.
Parkinson's, an
incurable and debilitating disease affecting 1 million elderly Americans every
year, is a horror story. Today, a number of studies have proved that regular
coffee consumption over time may reduce the risk of Parkinson's Disease and the
single component most likely to be to produce this effect is caffeine. Six
studies have found that people who drank coffee on a regular basis were 50%-
80% less likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those who did not consume
coffee.
The single biggest
doubt in the minds of coffee lovers has always been its addiction factor. But
now even that fear has been dispelled. There is, today, scientific evidence to
show that coffee drinkers do not get addicted, or at least coffee is not
responsible for their addiction. There is no record of any crime of passion
committed as a result of caffeine withdrawal symptoms, no death by coffee...no
evidence, absolutely. So go ahead, do what Kaldi did fifteen hundred years ago,
drink from the berry of divine flavor!!!
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